How does a fault code arise in the Air-Fuel Mixture group?
Incoming air is measured either by a MAF sensor, which weighs the air mass directly, or by a MAP sensor, which reads intake manifold pressure and calculates from it. Throttle and accelerator pedal position (TPS/APP) and intake air temperature (IAT) are added to the picture. Injection duration is built on top of these measurements.
Codes here can say two very different things. Circuit codes report that the signal is physically impossible: open circuit, short circuit, loss of supply. Range/performance codes say the signal is electrically valid but physically wrong. The second kind is harder to diagnose, because the sensor appears to be “working”.
When air measurement degrades, the effect does not stay in one code: fuel trim drifts, combustion quality drops, and emissions or ignition codes may follow. So a code in this group should be read together with any fuel and emissions codes stored at the same time.
Fault codes in this group
The database holds 25 codes in this group. Each code has its own page with the meaning, possible causes and diagnostic steps:
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Data source: the CarCoding fault code database. Code definitions follow the SAE J2012 standard; manufacturers may use different wording for their own codes. Everything on this page is generated from the code-specific database records.